[Mostly U.S. FEW-focused]
Source: Saundry, P. and Ruddell, B.L., (Eds.), The Food, Energy, Water Nexus. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
FEW Institutions
Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO): International organization created under the 1978 Treaty for Amazonian Cooperation (also Amazon Cooperation Treaty) as a secretariat to facilitate its aims. Also La Organización del Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica (OTCA) Website: http://www.otca-oficial.info/home
American Center for Life Cycle Assessment: Nonprofit organization “providing education, awareness, advocacy, and communications to build capacity and knowledge of environmental LCA. ACLCA membership consists of industry, academia, government, consulting, and NGOs.” Website: www.aclca.org
American Farm Bureau Federation (or Farm Bureau): National organization representing farm and ranch families in the United States. State-level Farm Bureaus operate under the national organization. Website: https://www.fb.org/
American Petroleum Institute (API): Trade association representing 600 oil and natural gas companies. Website: https://www.api.org/
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE): International professional association of people from 177 countries working in civil engineering. Website: https://www.asce.org/
American Water Works Association (AWWA): Professional association of people and institutions associated with water treatment issues. Primarily U.S. Website: https://www.awwa.org/
CGIAR (formerly the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research): International Research partnership organization with 15 research centers (see International Food Policy Research Institute) that address issues of food security, health, and nutrition, rural poverty, environment, and sustainability. Website: https://www.cgiar.org/
California Energy Commission: State government agency responsible for energy policy and planning within the state of California. Website: https://www.energy.ca.gov/
Coalition for Publishing Data in the Earth and Space Sciences (CPDESS): International organization that “connects Earth and space science publishers and data facilities to help translate the aspirations of open, available, and useful data from policy into practice.” Website: https://copdess.org/
Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI): “Research organization representing more than 130 U.S. universities and international water science-related organizations. CUAHSI receives support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to develop infrastructure and services for the advancement of water science in the United States.” Website: https://www.cuahsi.org/
Crossroads Resource Center: Tools for Community Self-Determination – Statewide Food System Assessments in fifteen states and provinces: Alaska, Arkansas, California, Hawai'i, Indiana, Manitoba, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Ohio, South Carolina, Virginia, & West Virginia. Website: http://www.crcworks.org/
Data.gov: Website of U.S. federal government that provides public access to data from a wide array of federal and non-federal sources. Website: https://www.data.gov/
DataOne (Observational Network for Earth): Project supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation that manages a “distributed framework and sustainable cyberinfrastructure that meets the needs of science and society for open, persistent, robust, and secure access to well-described and easily discovered Earth observational data.” Website: https://www.dataone.org/
Delaware River Basin Commission: Regional organization that facilitates the coordination of policy and activities related to the Delaware River Basin (United States) by state and federal agencies and other stakeholders. Website: http://www.state.nj.us/drbc/
Earth Observing System (EOS): Program of NASA which includes “a coordinated series of polar-orbiting and low inclination satellites for long-term global observations of the land surface, biosphere, solid Earth, atmosphere, and oceans.” Website: https://eospso.nasa.gov/
East African Community (EAC): Intergovernmental organization representing six countries of the African Great Lakes region (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda) that facilitates free trade and cooperation between member states. Website: https://www.eac.int/
Environment Canada (fully: Environment and Climate Change Canada or ECCC): Agency of the national government of Canada responsible for environmental policies and programs. Website: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change.html
EPA Conflict Prevention and Resolution Center: Part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that provides “services and expertise in alternative dispute resolution (ADR), environmental conflict resolution, consensus-building, and collaborative problem-solving.” Website: https://www.epa.gov/adr
European Union (EU): A political and economic union of 28 European countries (as of mid-2019; 27 should the United Kingdom leave). Website: https://europa.eu/
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): Independent agency of the U.S. federal government that regulates the interstate transmission of natural gas, oil, and electricity and related issues. It is particularly important with respect to electricity issues under the Federal Power Act and natural gas under the Natural Gas Act. Website: https://www.ferc.gov/
Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC): A structure within the U.S. federal government that provides “executive, managerial, and advisory direction and oversight for geospatial decisions and initiatives across the Federal government.” Website: https://www.fgdc.gov/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO): Specialized agency of the United Nations System which “works in partnership with governments and other development actors at global, regional and national levels to develop supportive policy and institutional environments” to lead “international efforts to defeat hunger.” The FAO includes work on fisheries and agriculture. Website: https://www.fao.org
Foreseer: A scenario generation tool developed by the Use Less Group based in the Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge to study the nexus of water, energy and land resources. Website: https://www.foreseer.group.cam.ac.uk
Future Earth: International research organization with 20 Global Research Projects focused on sustainability. See Water Future (Sustainable Water Future Programme). Website: http://www.futureearth.org
Global Environment Facility (GEF): Intergovernmental organization with 183 member states addressing global environmental issues. Website: https://www.thegef.org/
Global Footprint Network: Think tank that develops and promotes tools based upon measuring and using an Ecological Footprint as a metric of sustainability. Website: www.footprintnetwork.org
Global Open FAIR Initiative: Organization that aims to implement the FAIR data principles, making data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. It offers an open and inclusive ecosystem for consortia of individuals, institutions, and organizations working together. Website: https://www.go-fair.org/
Global Water Partnership: A “global action network with over 3,000 Partner organizations in 183 countries” that “provides knowledge and builds capacity to improve water management at all levels: global, regional, national and local,” particularly through integrated water resources management. Website: www.gwp.org
Government Accountability Office (GAO): Independent, non-partisan agency under the U.S. Congress that conducts analyses on “how taxpayer dollars are spent and provides Congress and federal agencies with objective, reliable information to help the government save money and work more efficiently.” Website: https://www.gao.gov/
Great Lakes Science Advisory Board: Scientific advisory body to the International Joint Commission and Great Lakes Water Quality Board. Website: https://www.ijc.org/en/sab
Integrated Solutions for Water, Energy, and Land (ISWEL): Partnership of International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) exploring “cost-effective solutions to jointly meet water, land and energy demands under different development and climate pathways. The project takes a global approach, but it also zooms into two large transboundary basin facing multiple developments and environmental challenges: The Zambezi and the Indus.” Website: http://www.iiasa.ac.at/web/home/research/iswel/ISWEL.html
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): Intergovernmental organization that works “for scientific and technical co-operation in the nuclear field. It works for the safe, secure and peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology.” While not under the direct control of the United Nations, the IAEA report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council. Website: https://www.iaea.org/
International Energy Agency (IEA): Intergovernmental organization with 30 member states to whom it provides “data, analysis, and solutions on all fuels and all technologies; helping governments, industry, and citizens make good energy choices.” Website: https://www.iea.org/
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI): International organization that “provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.” One of 15 CGIAR research centers. Website: http://www.ifpri.org/
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD): Specialized agency of the United Nations system which provides low-interest loans and grants to developing countries to finance innovative agricultural and rural development programs and projects. Website: https://www.ifad.org
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA): International think tank providing “insights and guidance to policymakers worldwide by finding solutions to global and universal problems through applied systems analysis in order to improve human and social wellbeing and to protect the environment.” Website: http://www.iiasa.ac.at/
International Joint Commission (IJC): Bi-national intergovernmental organization of Canada and the United States prevents established under the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty and also supporting the 1978 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement which facilitates cooperation on boundary waters and resolves disputes. Website: http://www.ijc.org/
International Law Association (ILA): International organization whose objectives are “the study, clarification and development of international law, both public and private, and the furtherance of international understanding and respect for international law.” Website: http://www.ila-hq.org/
International Law Commission (ILC): A group of 34 international law experts that assist the United Nations in the development and codification of international law.
International Maritime Organization (IMO): Specialized agency of the United Nations System related to shipping. Website: https://www.imo.org
International Monetary Fund (IMF): Specialized agency of the United Nations System to promote financial stability by having countries cooperate in how they managed their currency exchange rates and financial flows; and to support nations which face problems in their payments of international debts, thereby avoiding broader international financial crises. Website: https://www.imf.org
Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC): Specialized institution of the East African Community (EAC) mandated to “coordinate sustainable development and management of the Lake Victoria Basin.” Website: https://www.lvbcom.org/
Latin America Water Funds Partnership (LAWFP): International organization created by the Inter-American Development Bank, FEMSA Foundation, the Global Environment Facility and The Nature Conservancy to “contribute to the water security in Latin America and the Caribbean, through the creation and strengthening of Water Funds” that support integrated watershed management and governance of water resources. Website: http://waterfunds.org/esp/
Magic-Nexus Project: Moving Towards Adaptive Governance in Complexity: Informing Nexus Security (MAGIC)-Nexus is a European Union project to advance “Integrated approaches to food security, low-carbon energy, sustainable water management, and climate change mitigation.” Website: www.magic-nexus.eu
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP): State government agency responsible for environmental regulation and oversight within the state of Massachusetts. Website: https://www.mass.gov/orgs/massachusetts-department-of-environmental-protection
Ministry of the Environment (Ministério do Meio Ambiente) of Brazil: Agency of the national government of Brazil responsible for environmental policies and programs. Website: http://www.mma.gov.br/
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration): Agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civilian space program, aeronautics, and aerospace research. Website: https://www.nasa.gov/
Nexus: The Water, Energy & Food Security Resource Platform: An online collection of nexus resources maintained by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development and the European Union. Website: www.water-energy-food.org
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries): Intergovernmental organizations of 14 countries facilitates coordination of their petroleum policies. Website: https://www.opec.org
Open GIS Consortium (OGC): International organization advancing open standards for geographic information system (GIS) data: Website: http://www.opengeospatial.org/
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): Intergovernmental organization of 35 members (as of mid-2018) drawn from wealthier and more developed countries which seeks to “promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world” by providing a forum for analysis, dialogue, and collaboration. Website: https://www.oecd.org
Perspectivity: International organization of individuals and professional consultants, dedicated to help foster dialogue and build regenerative organizations and societies. It maintains a number of online “challenges” which guide users through explorations of issues, including the FEW nexus, where they make decisions and see the consequences. Website: www.theperspectivitychallenge.org
Privacy International: International organization promoting the right to privacy in various forms, especially data, information technology, and cyber issues. Website: https://privacyinternational.org/
SIM4NEXUS: Project funded by the European Union to advance understanding of issues related to the nexus of water, land, food, energy, and climate and “predict society-wide impacts of resource use and relevant policies on sectors such as agriculture, water, biodiversity, and ecosystem services through a model-based analysis.” Website: www.sim4nexus.eu
Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC): International professional association of individuals and institutions “dedicated to the study, analysis, and solution of environmental problems, the management, and regulation of natural resources, research and development, and environmental education.” Website: www.setac.org
Susquehanna River Basin Commission: Regional organization that facilitates the coordination of policy and activities related to the Susquehanna River Basin (United States) by state and federal agencies and other stakeholders. Website: https://www.srbc.net/
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA): A corporation owned by the U.S. federal government that operates electric power facilities on the Tennessee River system, sells electricity and provides flood control, navigation, and land management services to the region. Website: https://www.tva.gov/
The Nature Conservancy (TNC): International environmental organization with a mission to “conserve the land and water upon which all life depends.” Website: https://www.nature.org
United States Federal Government: The national government of the U.S. as defined by the U.S. Constitution with three independent co-equal branches. The executive branch headed by the President; the legislative branch (Congress) composed of the U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives; and, the judicial branch headed by the Supreme Court of the United States. Powers not vested in the federal government are reserved for the states or the people directly.
U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID): Agency of the U.S. federal government which leads international development and humanitarian efforts. Website: https://www.usaid.gov
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE): Agency within the Department of Defense of the U.S. federal government involved in major projects, mostly civilian and within the U.S., such as dams, canals, and flood protection. USACE operates approximately half of federal hydropower capacity. Website: https://www.usace.army.mil/
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR): Agency within the Department of Interior of the U.S. federal government involved mostly in oversees water resource management projects including hydropower and irrigation in the western U.S. USBR operates over one-third of federal hydropower capacity. Website: https://www.usbr.gov/
U.S. Census Bureau: Agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for carrying out a national census every ten years and for producing data about the American people and economy. Website: https://www.census.gov/
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA): Department of the U.S. federal government composed of 29 agencies focused on food, agriculture, natural resources, rural development, nutrition, and related issues. Website: https://www.usda.gov/
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE): Department of the U.S. federal government composed of agencies, offices and national laboratories focused on energy, environment, and nuclear issues. Website: https://www.energy.gov/
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS): Department of the U.S. federal government composed of agencies, offices and research institutes focused on medicine, public health, and social services. Website: https://www.hhs.gov/
U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS): Department of the U.S. federal government composed of agencies focuses on threats to U.S. territory. Website: https://www.dhs.gov/
U.S. Department of Interior (DOI): Department of the U.S. federal government composed of agencies and offices focused on the management and conservation of natural and cultural resources. Website: https://www.doi.gov/
U.S. Department of Labor (DOL): Department of the U.S. federal government composed of agencies and programs focused on federal labor laws. Website: https://www.dol.gov/
U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT): Department of the U.S. federal government composed of agencies and programs focused on transportation planning, projects, and safety. Website: https://www.transportation.gov/
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA): Agency within the Department of Energy of the U.S. federal government that researches, collects and disseminates information on energy topics. Website: https://www.eia.gov
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Agency of the U.S. federal government that develops and enforces environmental regulations in a wide range of areas and conducts research. Website: https://www.epa.gov
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Agency within the Department of Health and Human Services of the U.S. federal government responsible for “protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices; and by ensuring the safety of our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation.” Website: https://www.fda.gov
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Agency with the Department of Interior of the U.S. federal government monitors and provides data and scientific understanding on the availability and condition of water, energy minerals, and other natural resources. Website: https://www.usgs.gov
U.S. Institute for Conflict Resolution: Institute within the Udall Foundation, an independent agency of the U.S. federal government, with a mission to “provide impartial collaboration, consensus-building, and conflict resolution services.” Website: https://www.udall.gov/ourprograms/institute/institute.aspx
Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS): A U.S.-based science advocacy organization with programs focused on applying science to issues of energy, environment, food, nuclear war, and equity. Website: https://www.ucsusa.org
United Nations System: A set of institutions established following World War II to maintain international peace and facilitating international cooperation and governance. The UN has six “principal organs” – the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the Security Council, the Trusteeship Council, and the UN Secretariat. There are also a large number of agencies and organizations established by and reporting to different parts of the UN. Website: https://www.un.org/
UN-Energy: Interagency mechanism that coordinates the activities of many UN agencies and offices on energy. Website: https://www.un-energy.org/
UN-Water: Interagency mechanism that coordinates the activities of many UN agencies and offices on water. Website: http://www.unwater.org/
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF): An organization of the United Nations system that addresses issues relevant to the health and well-being of children. Website: https://www.unicef.org/
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): An organization of the United Nations system that addresses issues of development and “works to eradicate poverty and reduce inequalities through the sustainable development of nations.” Website: https://www.undp.org
United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): Part of the United Nations system which facilitates international dialogue and action on economic, social and environmental aspects of sustainable development. Website: https://www.un.org/ecosoc
- ECOSOC includes five regional commissions, including the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA). Website: https://www.unescwa.org/
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): Specialized agency of the United Nations System focused on educational, scientific, and cultural activities. Website: https://en.unesco.org/
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): An organization of the United Nations system that facilitates the setting of a “global environmental agenda, promotes the coherent implementation of the environmental dimension of sustainable development within the United Nations system, and serves as an authoritative advocate for the global environment.” Website: https://www.unenvironment.org/
United Nations Human Rights Council (HRC): Intergovernmental organization within the United Nations system responsible for “strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe and for addressing situations of human rights violations and make recommendations on them.” Website: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/Pages/Home.aspx
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO): Specialized agency of the United Nations System that “promotes industrial development for poverty reduction, inclusive globalization, and environmental sustainability.” Website: https://www.unido.org/
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): Office within the United Nations system that “provides assistance in the form of technical expertise and capacity-development in order to support the implementation of international human rights standards on the ground” and acts as the lead UN entity of Human Rights. Website: https://www.ohchr.org/
United Nations System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA): A initiative within the United Nations systems that brings together economic and environmental statistical information “into a common framework to measure the condition of the environment, the contribution of the environment to the economy and the impact of the economy on the environment.” Website: www.seea.un.org
United Nations University (UNU): Academic and research arm of the United Nations system with campuses in many countries. Website: https://unu.edu/
- UNU includes an Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources (UNU-FLORES) which advances a nexus approach to the sustainable management of environmental resources and maintains a Nexus Tools Platform. Website: https://flores.unu.edu and https://ntptools.ara.uberspace.de
Upper Mississippi River Basin Association: Regional organization that facilitates the coordination of policy and activities related to the Upper Mississippi River Basin (United States) by state and federal agencies and other stakeholders. Website: http://www.umrba.org
Water Footprint Network: International organization that facilitates “collaboration between companies, organizations, and individuals to solve the world’s water crises by advancing fair and smart water use.” http://waterfootprint.org
Water Future (Sustainable Water Future Programme): Global research platform operated through Future Earth “with expertise and innovation in water research, policy, security, and sustainability.” Website: http://www.futureearth.org/projects/water-future-sustainable-water-future-programme
Western States Water Council (WSWC): Regional organization that facilitates information sharing and cooperation between 18 western states of the United States and with the federal government on water issues. Website: http://www.westernstateswater.org/
- WSWC maintains the Water Data Exchange (WaDE) as a platform for member states to share “water supply, water use, and water administration datasets with each other, with federal partners, and with the public.” Website: http://www.westernstateswater.org/wade
Wildlife Conservation Society: International environmental organization seeking to “conserve the world’s largest wild places in 16 priority regions, home to more than 50% of the world’s biodiversity.” Website: https://www.wcs.org/
World Bank Group (WBG): Specialized agency of the United Nations systems components primarily aimed at supporting development. Included within the WBG are:
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (loans to middle-income countries)
- International Finance Corporation (work with the private sector)
- International Development Association (interest-free loans or grants to low-income countries)
- International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
- Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (insurance for investments)
Website: https://www.worldbank.org/
World Council on Dams: International organization that existed between 1997 and 2001 that developed guidelines for dam building that would provide greater protection to dam-affected people and the environment, and more equitable distribution of benefits.
World Energy Council: International organization that is a network of individuals and institutions involved in energy that facilitates dialogue and cooperation to advance affordable, stable and environmentally sensitive energy system. Website: https://www.worldenergy.org/
World Food Programme: A program of the United Nations system that delivers food assistance in emergencies and works with communities to improve nutrition and build resilience. Website: https://www1.wfp.org/
World Health Organization (WHO): Specialized agency of the United Nations systems that focuses on issues of public health. Website: https://www.who.int/
World Meteorological Organization (WMO): Specialized agency of the United Nations systems that focuses on issues of meteorology, climatology, and operational hydrology. Website: https://public.wmo.int
World Resources Institute (WRI): International think tank that develops solutions to sustainable development on issues of climate, energy, food, forests, water, and cities and transport. Website: https://www.wri.org/
- World Resources [Institute] Report: Creating a Sustainable Food Future, A Menu of Solutions to Feed Nearly 10 Billion People by 2050 Website: https://wrr-food.wri.org/
World Trade Organization: An organization to facilitate international negotiations and conflict resolution related to trade. A successor organization to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Website: https://www.wto.org/
Institutions: Other Resources
100 Resilient Cities. Website: http://www.100resilientcities.org/
Argonne National Laboratory Global Security Sciences (GSS). Website: http://www.gss.anl.gov/
Extension Disaster Education Network (EDEN). Website: https://eden.lsu.edu/
Great Lakes Commission. Website: https://www.glc.org/
Klagenfurt University Institute of Social Ecology (SEC). Website: https://www.aau.at/en/social-ecology/
Lawrence-Berkeley National Laboratory Earth & Environmental Sciences. Website: https://eesa.lbl.gov/program-domains/resilient-energy-water-infrastructure/
Lawrence-Berkeley National Laboratory Water-Energy Resilience Research Institute (WERRI). Website: https://www.werri.lbl.gov/
Metabolism of Cities. Website: https://metabolismofcities.org/
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering & Medicine. STRENGTHENING POST-HURRICANE SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE: Observations from Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria. Website: https://www.nap.edu/resource/25490/interactive/
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Energy-Water. Website: https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/energy-water-modeling.html
National Science Foundation INFEWS Program Awards. Website: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/advancedSearchResult?ProgEleCode=020Y,021Y,022Y,023Y&BooleanElement=Any&BooleanRef=Any&ActiveAwards=true&#results
North American Carbon Program. Website: https://www.nacarbon.org/
Northern Arizona University (NAU) Center for Science Teaching and Learning (CSTL). Website: https://nau.edu/cstl/
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Urban Dynamics Institute (UDI). Website: https://udi.ornl.gov/
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory JGCRI. Website: http://www.globalchange.umd.edu/
Sandia National Laboratories Energy. Website: https://energy.sandia.gov/
Santa Fe Institute (SFI). Website: https://www.santafe.edu/
The Sustainability Consortium (TSC). Website: https://www.sustainabilityconsortium.org/
UREx Sustainability Research Network. Website: https://sustainability.asu.edu/urbanresilience/
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Website: https://www.fws.gov/
U.S. Forest Service (USFS). Website: https://www.fs.fed.us/
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Website: http://www.fao.org/
United Nations Water Food and Energy. Website: http://www.unwater.org/water-facts/water-food-and-energy/
United Nations World Food Programme. Website: http://www1.wfp.org/food-systems
Western Governors Association (WGA). Website: http://www.westgov.org/
Source: Saundry, P. and Ruddell, B.L., (Eds.), The Food, Energy, Water Nexus. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Educational and Curricular Resources
Bloomberg. U.S. Land Use Visualization. Website: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2018-us-land-use/
CLEAN. Climate and Energy Education. Website: https://cleanet.org/index.html
FEWSION. Education. Website: https://fewsion.us/education/
FEWSION. Visualization. Website: https://fewsion.us/visualization/
GRACE. Communications Foundation Water Footprint Calculator. Website: https://www.watercalculator.org/
Global Footprint Network. Ecological Footprint Calculator. Website: https://www.footprintcalculator.org/
HydroViz. Energy-Water Nexus. Website: http://nexus.hydroviz.org/Lessons/Index/National/Nexus
It’s Fresh. Food Waste Calculator. Website: http://www.itsfresh.com/food-waste-calculator/
Johns Hopkins. Foodspan Curriculum. Unit 1 Intro. Website: http://www.foodspanlearning.org/lesson-plans/unit-1-meet-the-food-system/index.html#section1
Johns Hopkins. Foodspan Curriculum. Unit 2 Supply Chain. Website: http://www.foodspanlearning.org/lesson-plans/unit-2-farmers-factories-and-food-chains/
Johns Hopkins. Foodspan Curriculum. Unit 3 Consumers. Website: http://www.foodspanlearning.org/lesson-plans/unit-3-consumers-and-communities/
National Archives Federal Register. "America's Supply Chains: A Presidential Document by the Executive Office of the President on 03/01/2021." Website: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/03/01/2021-04280/americas-supply-chains
NEA. Clean Energy Education. Website: http://www.nea.org/tools/clean-energy-education.html
NREL BITES. Carbon emissions reduction tool. Website: https://bites.nrel.gov/
Nourish Curriculum. Website: http://www.nourishlife.org/teach/food-system-tools/
OpenEI. Energy Information. Website: https://openei.org/wiki/Information
USDOE. Energy Literacy Curriculum. Website: https://www.energy.gov/eere/education/energy-literacy-essential-principles-and-fundamental-concepts-energy-education
USEIA. Energy Kids. Website: https://www.eia.gov/kids/
USEIA. International Energy Outlook. Website: https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/
USEIA. Radio Programs. Website: https://www.eia.gov/pressroom/radio/
USEPA. Carbon Footprint Calculator. Website: https://www3.epa.gov/carbon-footprint-calculator/
USEPA. Energy and the Environment. Website: https://www.epa.gov/energy
USEPA. Water Topics Index. Website: https://www.epa.gov/environmental-topics/water-topics
USEPA. Watershed Academy. Website: https://www.epa.gov/watershedacademy
USGS. Water Science School. Website: https://water.usgs.gov/edu/
Applying Science to Practice
FEWSION for Community Resilience™ (F4R™). Accessed March 13, 2019. Website: https://fewsion.us/f4r/
HydroViz. Energy-Water Nexus. Accessed March 13th, 2018. Website: http://nexus.hydroviz.org/Lessons/Index/National/Nexus
INFEWS-ER. (2019). Innovations at the Nexus of Food, Energy, and Water Systems Educational Resources. Accessed March 13, 2019. Website: https://infews-er.net/
InTeGrate. (2018). Unit 2: Community-Based Participatory Solutions. Accessed March 13, 2019. Website: https://serc.carleton.edu/integrate/teaching_materials/food_energy_water/student_materials/unit_2.html
Ruddell, B.L., Miller, J., Rushforth, R.R., Salla, R., and Soktoeva, E. (2018). FEW-View™ 1.0, the FEWSION Visualization System. Accessed May 21, 2018. Website: https://dev2.dtn.asu.edu/dev/fewsion/public/
Ruddell and Konar, et al. (2017). Master Class: Food, Energy, and Water Systems in a Global Economy. Accessed March 13, 2019. Website: https://www.cuahsi.org/community/news-events/master-class-food-energy-and-water-systems-in-a-global-economy
UNFAO. (2019). Water-Energy-Food Nexus Rapid Appraisal. Accessed March 13, 2019. Website: http://www.fao.org/energy/water-food-energy-nexus/water-energy-food-nexus-ra/en/
Cities at the Nexus
EPA. (2018). Net Zero Strategy. Website: https://www.epa.gov/water-research/promoting-sustainability-through-net-zero-strategies
ICLEI. (2019). Local Governments for Sustainability. Website: http://icleiusa.org/
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2016). Pathways to Urban Sustainability: Challenges and Opportunities for the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Website: https://doi.org/10.17226/23551
SymbioCity. (2019). “Sustainability by Sweden.” Website: http://www.symbiocity.se/
SymbioCity. Sustainable City Simulation Game. Website: http://www.btslearning.com/app/eBS/symbiocity/index.asp
Wolfson, Richard. (2017). Energy, environment, and climate, Third Ed. WW Norton & Company, Inc.
FEW Data
ArcGIS. Open Data Hub. Website: http://hub.arcgis.com/pages/open-data
Bloomberg. U.S. Land Use Visualization. Website: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2018-us-land-use/
ESRI. Location Analysis for Supply Chain (data visualization). Website: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=23351791377146f39cab17e2253f912b
Data Best Practices. Stanford Libraries. Accessed December 4, 2018. Website: https://library.stanford.edu/research/data-management-services/data-best-practices
Data Carpentry. Website: https://datacarpentry.org/
DataOne. Best Practices for Data Management. Accessed December 4, 2018. Website: https://www.dataone.org/best-practices
EPA. NPDES Tools. Website: https://www.epa.gov/npdes/npdes-tools
FEWSION Project. FEW-View™. Website: https://fewsion.us/visualization/
GapMinder. Accessed December 4, 2018.Website: https://www.gapminder.org/
GitHub Guides. GitHub. Accessed December 4, 2018. Website: https://guides.github.com/
Google Earth Engine. Public Datasets. Website: https://earthengine.google.com/datasets/
HydroViz. Energy-Water. Website: http://nexus.hydroviz.org/Lessons/Index/National/Nexus
iSciences. Water, Climate, and Human Security. Website: https://www.isciences.com/
NASA. Worldview. Website: https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/
OEC. Observatory of Economic Complexity. The world’s leading data visualization tool for international trade data. Website: https://oec.world/
PRISM. Current Month U.S. Climate. Website: http://prism.oregonstate.edu/mtd/
Pardee RAND. Food-Energy-Water Index. Website: https://www.prgs.edu/pardee-initiative/food-energy-water.html
PolicyMap. Website: https://www.policymap.com/
TRASE. TRASE Crop Supply Chain Mapping. Website: https://trase.earth
USDA. NASS Cropscape Visualization. Website: https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/
USDA. NASS Data Visualization. Website: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Data_Visualization/index.php
USEIA. International Energy Outlook. Website: https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/
USGS. WaterWatch. Website: https://waterwatch.usgs.gov/
WRI. Aqueduct. Website: https://www.wri.org/our-work/project/aqueduct
WRI. ResourceWatch. Website: https://resourcewatch.org
Water Energy Food (WEF). Nexus Tool 2.0. Website: http://www.wefnexustool.org
Development
Borr, M. (2018), Examination of Environmental Change, Vulnerability, and Human Migrations. Center for Global Studies at Penn State. Website: http://cgs.la.psu.edu/teaching-resources/community-resources/miiies-international-intercultural-module-examination-of-environmental-change-vulnerability-and-human-migrations
GCS. (2018), Teaching Resources. The Center for Global Studies at Penn State. Website: http://cgs.la.psu.edu/teaching-resources
Klein, J.D. (2017). Building a Better World: Six Strategies for Engaging the Sustainable Development Goals in the Classroom (with links to SDG teaching resources). Accessed November 14, 2017. Website: http://www.p21.org/news-events/p21blog/2282-building-a-better-world-six-strategies-for-engaging-the-sustainable-development-goals-in-the-classroom
NEA. (2018). Global Education Resources. National Education Association. Website: http://www.nea.org/home/37409.htm
Selcher, W.A. (2018). The WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources. Website: https://internationalaffairsresources.com/
TeachSDGS. (2018). Assets: Instructional Materials, Free Courses, Tools, Resources & Publications. Teach SDGs. Website: http://www.teachsdgs.org/assets.html
WLL. (2018). World’s Largest Lesson. Website: http://worldslargestlesson.globalgoals.org/
World Bank (2018). GINI Index. Website: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/si.pov.gini?view=map
Human Conflicts
American Bar Association. Section on Dispute Resolution. Website: https://www.americanbar.org/groups/dispute_resolution/
Association for Conflict Resolution. Website: https://acrnet.org/
Harvard Law School. Program on Negotiation. Website: https://www.pon.harvard.edu/
Mediate.com. Website: https://mediate.com/
Oregon State University. Program in Water Management and Transformation Data Set on Transboundary Waters. Website: https://transboundarywaters.science.oregonstate.edu/content/data-and-datasets
Transboundary Water Governance. Website: http://www.watergovernance.org/
University Network for Collaborative Governance. Website: https://www.kitchentable.org/uncg
University of Utah. Environmental Dispute Resolution Program. Website: https://www.law.utah.edu/blogs/edr-blog/
Watersheds
An Educator’s Guide to the Meaningful Watershed Educational Experience. Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Website: https://www.cbf.org/document-library/education/teachers-guide-to-meaningful-watershed-education-experience.pdf
Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center. The Watershed: What is a Watershed? Website: https://www.cserc.org/sierra-fun/games/watershed-game/
Distance Learning and Educational Web Adventures. The Watershed Game. Website: http://games.bellmuseum.umn.edu/watershed/
EPA. Tools and Resources to Protect Watersheds. Website: https://www.epa.gov/hwp/tools-and-resources-protect-watersheds/
Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. Rock Your Watershed! A Game of Chance and Choice. Website: http://water-rocks.herokuapp.com/game/index/
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Watershed Education. Website: http://www.docs.dcnr.pa.gov/stateparks/watersheded/overview/index.htm
Stapp, W. B., Wals, A. E., Moss, M. R., & Goodwin, J. E. (eds.). (1996). International Case Studies on Watershed Education. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.
Education and Curricula: Other Resources
CMU LCA Textbook. Website: https://www.lcatextbook.com/
Columbia Earth Institute Water and Food Facts. Website: http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2012/03/19/water-and-food-facts-for-world-water-day/
FEMA Emergency Management Institute. Website: https://training.fema.gov/
Global Footprint Network: Advancing the Science of Sustainability. Website: http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/
IWMI FEW Key Facts. Website: http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/issues/water-energy-food-nexus/overview/key-facts/
NASA JPL GRACE water storage tracking. Website: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/teach/activity/tracking-water-using-nasa-satellite-data/
NASA Science on a Sphere. Website: https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2020). Strengthening Post-Hurricane Supply Chain Resilience: Observations from Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Website: https://doi.org/10.17226/25490.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2020) TRB Webinar: The Supply Chain and COVID-19. April 8th, 2020. Accessed June 26, 2020. Website: https://www.nationalacademies.org/event/04-08-2020/trb-webinar-the-supply-chain-and-covid-19#sl-three-columns-a9d961d5-f324-432d-b5bf-84b00654b353
Rethink Talks. (2020) "The role of food in the pandemic: food security, shocks and transformations," Podcast: Season 1, Episode 3. Posted 6/23/20. https://shows.acast.com/rethink-talks/episodes/food-security-covid-19
Story of Stuff. Website: https://storyofstuff.org/
Story of Stuff YouTube. Website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqZMTY4V7Ts
Water Footprint Network. Website: http://waterfootprint.org/en/
WWF/DEG Water Risk Filter. Website: http://waterriskfilter.panda.org/
Source: Saundry, P. and Ruddell, B.L., (Eds.). The Food, Energy, Water Nexus. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Climate
European Commission. (2018). EDGAR: Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research. Website: http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
UN Food and Food and Agriculture Organization. (2018). FAO Yearbook. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2016. Rome: 104pp.
UN Food and Agriculture Organization. Prevalence of Undernourishment. Website: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS
World Bank. (2017). Global Tracking Framework 2017. Website: http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/energy/publication/global-tracking-framework-2017
World Resource Institute. ResourceWatch. Website: https://resourcewatch.org/data/explore
Computing
Computational Tools:
- ARCGIS Geographic Information System Software
- Anaconda Python Package Manager
- GitHub Idea Portal: GIST
- Metis – A Tool to Harmonize and Analyze Multi-Sectoral Data and Linkages at Variable Spatial Scales
- QGIS Geographic Information System Software
- R Website
- Spatial Database Management System
- Stackoverflow Q&A
- Tutorials on a variety of Tools/Approaches: Medium
Visualization Tools (R or Python)
Datasets:
Development
CEOS. (2018). Satellite Earth Observations in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals. Website: http://eohandbook.com/sdg/
Climate, Land (Food), Energy and Water systems approach (CLEWs). Website: http://www.osimosys.org/
CIA. (2018). The World Factbook. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Website: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
Data.gov. (2018). Global Development. Website: https://www.data.gov/development/
DI. (2018). The Development Data Hub. Website: http://data.devinit.org/
EIA. (2018) International Energy Outlook. Energy Information Administration. Website: https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/
GPSDD. (2018). Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data. Website: http://www.data4sdgs.org/
Google. (2018). Public Data Search: World Development Indicators. Website: https://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_
Holden, J. (2016). The top 10 sources of data for international development research. The Guardian, 16 March 2016. Website: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2016/mar/16/the-top-10-sources-of-data-for-international-development-research
OECD. (2018). International Development Statistics (IDS) online databases. Website: http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline.htm
OECD. (2018). OECD International Development Statistics. Website: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/data/oecd-international-development-statistics_dev-data-en
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2017). World Population Prospects 2017. Website: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/
UN Food and Agriculture Organization. Prevalence of Undernourishment. Website: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS
UN Global Human Development Report. (2018). 2018 Statistical Update. Website: http://hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update
World Bank. (2017). Global Tracking Framework. Website: http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/energy/publication/global-tracking-framework-2017
World Bank. (2018). World Bank Open Data. Website: https://data.worldbank.org/
World Bank. (2018). World Development Indicators. Website: https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-development-indicators
World Health Organization. Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition. Website: http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/en/
World Health Organization/UNICEF. Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene. Website: https://washdata.org/
World Food Programme. Food Security Analysis. Website: http://www1.wfp.org/food-security-analysis
World Resource Institute. ResourceWatch. Website: https://resourcewatch.org/
World Resources [Institute] Report: Creating a Sustainable Food Future, A Menu of Solutions to Feed Nearly 10 Billion People by 2050 Website: https://wrr-food.wri.org/
Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity. Valuation Database. Website: http://doc.teebweb.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/teeb_database_teebweb.xlsx
World Resource Institute. ResourceWatch. Website: https://resourcewatch.org/data/explore
Human Behavior and Adaptation
Environmental Protection Administration. Alternative Fuels Data Center. Website: https://afdc.energy.gov/data/categories/afvs-and-hevs
Modeling
GCAM Curriculum. An Introduction to Integrated Assessment of Climate-Energy-Water-Land-Economy Systems; all course materials: lectures, videos, exercises.
GEOGLAM Crop Monitor. Website: https://cropmonitor.org
GeoPlatform.gov. Disasters. Website: https://www.geoplatform.gov/
RAPT: Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool. FEMA National Integration Center. Website: http://bit.ly/ResiliencePlanningTool
Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Global database for scenario projections for food production, power generation and water resources. Website: https://tntcat.iiasa.ac.at/SspDb/dsd?Action=htmlpage&page=welcome
Trade
Enerdata. (2018). Global Energy Statistical Yearbook. Accessed February 20, 2019. Website: https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-import-export-statistics.html
EnergyData.info. (2019). The World Bank. Accessed February 20, 2019. Website: https://energydata.info/
FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2019). Accessed February 20, 2019. Website: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
IEA. (2019). Statistics. Accessed February 20, 2019. Website: https://www.iea.org/statistics/index.html?country=WORLD&year=2016&category=Energy%20supply&indicator=TPESbySource&mode=chart&dataTable=BALANCES
International Trade Centre. (2019). Trade Map. Accessed February 20, 2019. Website: http://www.intracen.org/itc/market-info-tools/trade-statistics/
- ITC Trade Map: Trade statistics for international business development. Monthly, quarterly and yearly trade data. Import & export values, volumes, growth rates, market shares, etc. Website: https://www.trademap.org/Index.aspx
OECD. (2019). Energy Data. Accessed February 20, 2019. Website: https://data.oecd.org/energy.htm
OECD. (2019). Summary of IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances. Accessed February 20, 2019. Website: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/energy/data/iea-world-energy-statistics-and-balances_enestats-data-en
Ortiz-Ospina, D. Beltekian, and M. Roser. Trade and Globalization. Our World in Data. Accessed February 20, 2019. Website: https://ourworldindata.org/trade-and-globalization
World Bank Data Bank. Website: https://data.worldbank.org/
United States Governance
American Bar Association. Waters of the U.S. Rule. Website: https://www.americanbar.org/groups/environment_energy_resources/resources/wotus/wotus-rule.html
Draper & Draper, LLC. U.S. Transboundary Water Database. Includes an interactive map and database of interstate water compacts, conflicts, and court cases. Website: http://www.draperllc.com/water-disputes-map
Energy Information Administration. Power plant data. Websites:
Form 860: https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/
Form 923: https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/
Environmental Protection Administration. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) State Program Information. Website: https://www.epa.gov/npdes/npdes-state-program-information
Environmental Protection Administration. Sole Source Aquifers. Website: https://epa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=9ebb047ba3ec41ada1877155fe31356b
FEMA National Integration Center’s RAPT: Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool. Website: http://bit.ly/ResiliencePlanningTool
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Digest of Federal Resource Laws of Interest to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Website: https://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/compact.html
United States Geological Water Use Survey. Quinquennial Water Survey. Website: https://water.usgs.gov/watuse/
Data: Other Resources
BEA Input-Output Accounts Data. Website: https://www.bea.gov/industry/input-output-accounts-data
BLS Labor Stats. Website: https://beta.bls.gov/maps/cew/us
BTS Waterborne Freight. Website: https://www.bts.gov/content/us-waterborne-freight
CMU EIOLCA. Website: http://www.eiolca.net/
Commodity Flow Survey. Website: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cfs.html
Data.gov. Website: https://catalog.data.gov
EIA Electric System Operating Data. Website: https://www.eia.gov/realtime_grid/?src=home-f1#/status?end=20181030T14
EPA’s Environmental I/O Model USEEIO. Website: https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?Lab=NRMRL&dirEntryId=336332
FEMA HAZUS Software. Website: https://www.fema.gov/hazus
FEMA Model and Data Inventory. Website: https://gis.fema.gov/Model-and-Data-Inventory/
FHWA Freight Analysis Framework. Website: https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/freight_analysis/faf/
FoodS³. Website: http://www.foods3.org/
GeoPlatform.gov. Disasters. Website: https://www.geoplatform.gov/
Google. Public Data Directory. Website: https://www.google.com/publicdata/directory
Google Earth Engine Data Catalog. Website: https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/
Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (NLCD etc.). Website: https://www.mrlc.gov/
NASA GRACE Water Storage Anomalies v1. Website: https://podaac-ftp.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/TELLUS_GRACE_MASCON_CRI_GRID_RL06_V1?ids=Sensor&values=GRACE%20SCA
NASA Global Imagery Browse Service (GIBS). Website: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/science-system-description/eosdis-components/global-imagery-browse-services-gibs
NASA VIIRS / Night-Lights. Website: https://viirsland.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html
North American Cooperation on Energy Information (NACEI). Website: https://www.nacei.org/
NPDES Tools. Website: https://www.epa.gov/npdes/npdes-tools
NREL Open Energy Information (OpenEI). Website: https://openei.org/wiki/Data
PRISM Model. Website: http://prism.oregonstate.edu/
RAPT: Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool, FEMA National Integration Center. Website: http://bit.ly/ResiliencePlanningTool
UN/FAO Aquastat. Website: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm
U.S. Electric System Operating Data. Website: https://www.eia.gov/realtime_grid/#/status?end=20190510T17
U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census. Website: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census.html
U.S. Census Bureau Foreign and Port Trade Data. Website: https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/index.html
U.S. Census Bureau on the Map for Emergency Management. Website: https://onthemap.ces.census.gov/em/
U.S. Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS). Website: https://www.bts.gov/
USAID Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET). Website: http://fews.net/
USBR Reclamation Water Information System (RWIS). Website: https://water.usbr.gov/
USDA Census of Agriculture. (2012). Website: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2012/
USDA NASS Food Cold Storage Reserves. Website: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Cold_Storage/index.php
USDA NASS QuickStats. Website: https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/
USDA NRCS Geospatial Data. Website: https://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/
USFS Southern Research Station Tools and Data (especially WaSSI). Website: https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/products/tools/
USGS Advisory Committee on Water Information. Website: https://acwi.gov/
USGS National Map. Website: https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/ngp/tnm-delivery
Vulcan Project North American GHG Emissions. Website: http://vulcan.project.asu.edu/
WRI. Aqueduct. Website: https://www.wri.org/our-work/project/aqueduct
WRI. World Development Indicators. Website: https://data.worldbank.org/products/wdi
World Trade Organization (WTO). Trade and Tariff Data. Website: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/statis_e.htm